Differences in education systems around the world
| CEFR Level |
Grammar |
Vocabulary |
Skills |
| A1 - Beginner |
Present Simple, Simple Past, Articles, Basic Pronouns, Basic Prepositions, Yes/No Questions, Modal Verbs for ability (can). |
Basic Topics (family, hobbies, daily routines), Essential Phrases (greetings, simple requests). |
Basic Listening, Reading (simple texts, signs), Speaking (simple sentences), Writing (basic sentences). |
| A2 - Elementary |
Present Continuous, Past Continuous, Future Forms (will, going to), Comparatives, Modals (can, should), Simple Relative Pronouns, Conjunctions (and, but, because). |
Extended Topics (travel, shopping, health), Simple Descriptions. |
Listening (main points of slow speech), Reading (simple texts), Speaking (routine tasks), Writing (short notes). |
| B1 - Intermediate |
Past Perfect, Future Perfect, Conditional Sentences, Relative Clauses, Passive Voice. |
Complex Topics (work, education, hobbies), Detailed Descriptions. |
Listening (main points of clear speech), Reading (factual information), Speaking (connected text), Writing (simple connected text). |
| B2 - Upper Intermediate |
Complex Sentences, Advanced Conditionals, Subjunctive Mood, Complex Passive Voice. |
Abstract Topics, Nuanced Descriptions. |
Listening (extended speech), Reading (articles, reports), Speaking (fluent communication), Writing (clear, detailed text). |
| C1 - Advanced |
Complex Sentence Structures, Advanced Modals, Inversion, Advanced Subjunctive Mood. |
Sophisticated Topics, Precise Language. |
Listening (complex speech), Reading (long, complex texts), Speaking (fluent expression), Writing (well-structured text). |
| C2 - Proficient |
Mastery of Complex Structures, Advanced Subjunctive and Conditional Forms, High-Level Inversion and Emphasis. |
Highly Specialized Topics, Nuanced and Sophisticated Language. |
Listening (understand everything), Reading (any written text), Speaking (effortless expression), Writing (clear, smooth text). |
